Glossary

Special Characters

.Guidefaults file: A file created by InfoPrint in the home directory of a person using the InfoPrint GUI. InfoPrint uses this file to save and reference information about the servers you are monitoring and the windows you are working in.

A

Access Control List (ACL): In computer security, a collection of all access rights for one object.
ACL: Access Control List.
acl editor: A command line interface that lets you view, add, update, and delete access authorization records in an ACL.
action: In the InfoPrint GUI, an icon that represents an operation that you can perform on an InfoPrint object. You drag and drop the action onto an object to initiate the operation for that object. For example, using the Enable action to enable a disabled actual destination.
actual destination: In InfoPrint, an object that represents the output device that performs the printing or transmission function. See email destination; see also physical printer, printer device; contrast with logical destination.
additive color system: A system that reproduces an image by mixing (adding) appropriate quantities of red, green, and blue light (the additive primary colors) to create all other colors of light, either direct or transmitted. When the additive primaries are superimposed on one another, they create white light. Contrast with subtractive color system.
administrator: In InfoPrint, the person who creates and manages one or more components of a printing system, such as servers and actual destinations. By default, InfoPrint gives administrators authorization to perform some InfoPrint operations and to access certain information that is not available to the operators or job submitters.
Adobe Acrobat: An Adobe software program that provides instant access to documents in their original format, independent of computer platform. With the Adobe Reader, you can view, navigate, print, and present any Portable Document Format (.pdf) file.
Adobe PageMaker: A desktop publishing program that produces PostScript documents.
Adobe PostScript Raster to Image Transform (RIP): See raster image processor (RIP).
ADSM/6000: Advanced Distributed Storage Manager.
Advanced Distributed Storage Manager (ADSM/6000): A program that provides storage management for archived files.
Advanced Function Common Control Unit (AFCCU): A RISC-based control unit with code common to all printers that use the AFCCU.
Advanced Function Presentation (AFP): A set of licensed programs, together with user applications, that use the all-points-addressable concept to print data on a wide variety of printers or to display data on a wide variety of display devices. AFP includes creating, formatting, archiving, retrieving, viewing, distributing, and printing information.
Advanced Function Presentation data stream (AFP data stream): The printer data stream used for printing AFP data. The AFP data stream includes composed text, page segments, electronic overlays, form definitions, and fonts downloaded from the operating system to the printer.; A presentation data stream that is processed in AFP environments. The AFP data stream includes MO:DCA-P-based data streams.
Advanced Interactive Executive (AIX): An operating system used with pSeries computers. The AIX operating system is IBM's implementation of the UNIX operating system.
AFCCU: Advanced Function Common Control Unit.
AFP: Advanced Function Presentation.
AFP data stream: Advanced Function Presentation data stream.
ainbe: The printer input/output backend program used by the PSF DSS to send jobs to printer devices. Depending on the incoming data stream of the job, the PSF DSS might have transformed the data stream of the job before the backend program sending it to the printer device.
AIX: Advanced Interactive Executive.
AIX-attached printer: A printer device, attached to an pSeries computer through the network or through a serial or parallel port that receives jobs from an AIX print queue.; In InfoPrint, a PSF physical printer that represents an AIX-attached printer device. See also direct-attached printer, TCP/IP-attached printer, upload-TCP/IP-attached printer.
AIX destination support system: In InfoPrint, the destination support system that communicates with the standard AIX print backend (piobe), or with certain variations of the rembak print backend, to print jobs.
AIX physical printer: In InfoPrint, the object representing a printer device that uses the AIX destination support system.
aliasing: In a digitized image, the creation of diagonal lines by combining short horizontal and vertical line segments that approximate the path of the desired line.
all-points-addressability (APA): The capability to address, reference, and position text, overlays, and images at any defined point of the printable area of the paper or display medium.
alphameric: Synonym for alphanumeric.
alphanumeric: Pertaining to a character set containing letters, digits, and other symbols such as punctuation marks. Synonymous with alphameric.
AMPV: Average monthly print volume.
analog: Pertaining to a continuous variable sampling of information between two points that achieves an even, smooth transition of photographic material.
analog color proof: An off-press color proof made from separation films.
anti-aliasing: The rendering of hard-edged objects so that they blend smoothly into the background. PhotoShop offers anti-aliasing when rasterizing an EPS file.; Removing the jagged stairstep quality in diagonal lines produced on a computer screen by aliasing. This removal is effected by creating less densely shaded fields parallel to the diagonal line.
APA: All-points-addressability.
API: Application Program Interface.
Application Program Interface (API): The call interface between a client program and the procedures that implement the printing system, as defined by the specification. Clients use the API to access servers. (P)
architecture: The set of rules and conventions that govern the creation and control of data types such as text, image, graphics, font, color, audio, bar code, and multimedia.
archiving: The transfer of digital information from an online system onto floppy disk, compact disc, or other media for offline storage. The original copy is deleted from the online system. See also retrieval.
array inkjet: An ordered collection of multiple print heads used in an inkjet printer.
ASCII: American National Standard Code for Information Exchange. The standard code, using a coded character set consisting of 7–bit coded characters (8 bits including a parity check). The ASCII code is used for information exchange among data processing systems, data communications systems, and associated equipment. The ASCII character set includes control characters and graphic characters.
asynchronous: Pertaining to two or more processes that do not depend upon the occurrence of specific events, such as common timing signals. (T); In InfoPrint, occurring without a regular or predictable time relationship to a specified action. Contrast with synchronous.
attachment type: Defines the method by which a printer device is attached to the AIX system from which it receives data. See AIX-attached printer, direct-attached printer, TCP/IP-attached printer, and upload-TCP/IP-attached printer.
attribute: A defined characteristic of an object, such as the number of copies required of a job, or the document formats accepted by an actual destination.
attribute name: A string that identifies an attribute. Typically, in InfoPrint attribute names consist of two or more words separated by hyphens.
attribute value: The element of an attribute that specifies the characteristics relating to the attribute.
authorization: In computer security, verification of the eligibility of a user to access an object.
authorized user: A person with the appropriate permissions to access an object or to issue a command.
automatic recovery: A function of printer logic that permits the printer to reprint a job if the job is misprinted or damaged or if a component has failed.
auxiliary sheet: In InfoPrint, an object that represents a particular sheet of paper, blank or otherwise, that can precede a job, separate documents in a job, or follow a job.
auxiliary-sheet selections: A particular combination of start, separator, and end sheets that print with jobs on a particular printer device.

B

backend: In AIX or Linux, the program that is invoked by the qdaemon process (AIX) or CUPS printing system ( Linux) to run a print or batch job. Synonymous with backend program.
backend program: Synonym for backend.
backlog: In InfoPrint, the amount of time calculated by InfoPrint that is required to print all of the jobs currently in a queue.
backspace: In InfoPrint, the action used to back up and reprint pages in a job.
bar code: A code representing characters by sets of parallel bars of varying thickness and separation that are read optically by transverse scanning.; An array of parallel rectangular bars and spaces that together represent data elements or characters in a particular symbology. The bars and spaces are arranged in a predetermined pattern following unambiguous rules defined by the symbology.
BCOCA: Bar Code Object Content Architecture.
Bezier curves: A method of defining curves using anchor points, control handles, and tangent lines. The PostScript path passes through anchor points. Its approach direction is along the tangent lines that are controlled by the control handles. Many personal computer programs use this drawing method. Type 1 PostScript fonts are defined using Bezier curves.
binding: The cover and materials that hold a book together. See edition binding, perfect binding, spiral binding, wire-o binding.; The process of applying the binding to a book.; In InfoPrint, assigning a job to an actual destination. See early binding, late binding.
bitmapped: Pertaining to an image formed by a rectangular grid of pixels. Each pixel is assigned a value to denote its color. One-bit images are black and white; 8–bit images have 256 colors (or grays); 24–bit images have full color. CMYK images have 32–bits per pixel to encode 256 levels in each of four channels. Bitmapped images are also called raster images.
bleed: An extra amount of printed image that extends beyond the trim edge of the sheet. Bleed ensures that no white gap appears at the edge of the sheet.
boot: To prepare a computer for operating by loading an operating system.
BSD: Berkeley Software Distribution.
BSD destination support system: In InfoPrint, the destination support system that generates a print command string that the shell runs to print jobs.
BSD physical printer: In InfoPrint, the object representing a printer device that uses the BSD destination support system.
burn: In platemaking, an exposure. Burn is named because of the extremely bright ultraviolet lamps used to transfer images from film to plate.; In photography, to lengthen the final exposure time to increase the final density of print.

C

CDE: Common Desktop Environment.
child: See parent/child relationship.
choke: In color printing, an area whose dimensions have been reduced to avoid overlapping another color. Contrast with spread.
class: Synonym for object class.
clean: In InfoPrint, an action used to remove all the jobs from specified servers, actual destinations, or queues, or to remove all the jobs submitted to specified logical destinations.
CLI: Command Line Interface.
client: In InfoPrint, the component of the print system that assembles a print request and submits the request to a server. The client generates the local ID numbers for each job, submits the jobs to the servers, and keeps track of where each user's jobs have been submitted.
CMR: Color Management Resource.
CMY: Cyan, magenta, yellow.
CMYK: Cyan, magenta, yellow, black.
collator: In some printers a special-purpose hard drive disk array used to store RIPped files and later transfer them to the LED print heads for imaging.
color balance: The relative levels of cyan, magenta, and yellow channels in an image to produce accurate color rendition of an original image.
color correction: The adjustment of the color balance in an image to produce accurate color rendition of an original image. Color correction is used for two- or three-spot-color jobs.
color key: A color proof similar to Cromalin, but typically not laminated and not necessarily accurate in color. Color keys are used to verify that breaks or color assignments and traps have been made accurately.
Color management resource: Color management resource (CMR) is an architected resource that is used to carry all of the color management information required to render a print file, document, group of pages or sheets, page, or data object with color fidelity.
Command Line Interface (CLI): A type of user interface where commands are specified on the command line. Contrast with Graphical User Interface.
Common Desktop Environment (CDE): A graphical user interface running on a UNIX operating system.
complex attribute: In InfoPrint, an attribute that can have multiple values with each value containing multiple components.
constant data: Data that does not change between copies of a document and that is merged with variable data to produce personalized documents. For example, a form letter (constant data) can be merged with a customer's name and address (variable data).
contextual help: A type of online help that provides specific information about each selectable object, menu choice, notebook tab, field, control, and pushbutton in a window.
control strip: A strip of information that can be attached to a print job and used to measure registration and density.
Cromalin: The Dupont color proofing system. Four layers (CMYK) of light-sensitive material are exposed through final halftone negative films, then laminated together on an opaque backing to produce a color- and trap-accurate final proof showing actual halftone dot structure. Cromalin is sometimes called an analog proof.
crop: To remove unwanted areas of an image, usually indicated by crop marks on the original.
CTS: Cutter-trimmer-stacker.
CUPS: Common Unix Printing System is a modular printing system for Unix-like computer operating systems which allows a computer to act as a print server. A computer running CUPS is a host that can accept print jobs from client computers, process them, and send them to the appropriate printer.
CUPS destination support system: In InfoPrint, the destination support system that communicates with the standard LINUX print system (CUPS) and that uses InfoPrint Manager pioinfo backend, InfoPrint Manager piorpdm backend for Ricoh printers or other print backends to print jobs.
cutter-trimmer-stacker (CTS): A post-processing device attached to a printer device and used for paper handling.
cyan, magenta, yellow (CMY): The subtractive primary colors.
cyan, magenta, yellow, black (CMYK): The four basic colors used in offset printing, as opposed to the three basic colors of light: red, green, and blue. Magenta, yellow, and cyan are the subtractive primaries. Black is added to provide better density and to produce a true black.

D

daemon: A program that runs unattended to perform a standard service. Some daemons are triggered automatically to perform their tasks; others operate periodically. Daemon processes generally provide a service that must be available at all times to more than one task or user, such as sending data to a printer.
data stream: All information (data and control commands) sent over a data link.; A continuous stream of data that has a defined format.; In InfoPrint, pertaining to the incoming format of the job and the output format required by the printer device. InfoPrint transforms the incoming format into the output format, as required. See also document format.
DB2*/6000: DataBase 2/6000.
deadline: In InfoPrint, a queuing technique where the next job assigned to the first position in the queue is the one whose deadline is closest. Contrast with FIFO (first-in-first-out), job-priority, longest-job-first, and shortest-job-first.
default document: In InfoPrint, an object that represents default attribute values for a document in a job. Synonymous with initial value document.
default job: In InfoPrint, an object that represents default attribute values for a job. Synonymous with initial value job.
default object: In InfoPrint, a general term that refers either to a default document or a default job. Synonymous with initial value object.
default value: A value stored in the system that is used when no other value is specified.
delete: In InfoPrint, an action used to delete default objects, jobs, logical destinations, actual destinations, or queues from the server.
desktop publishing: Performing print-related activities on a personal computer, including but not limited to layout, design, photo manipulation, creating fonts, editing text, color separation, scanning, and animation.
destination: See actual destination, logical destination.
destination support system (DSS): In InfoPrint, the programs that an actual destination uses to communicate with the output device. Synonymous with device support system. See AIX destination support system, BSD destination support system, email destination support system, and PSF destination support system.
device: An individual piece of equipment (hardware) that attaches to a computer, such as a printer device.
device address: The identification of an input or output device by its channel and unit number.
device driver: A file that communicates with a specific device such as a printer, disk drive, or display. An application that sends output to a device controls the actions of the device through the device driver. See printer driver.
device support system (DSS): Synonym for destination support system.
DFE: Digital Front End
DFE destination support system: In InfoPrint Manager, the destination support system that communicates with a DFE print server driving a Ricoh printer.
DFE printer: In InfoPrint Manager, the object representing a DFE print server driving a Ricoh printer.
DFS: Distributed File Service.
digital: Pertaining to data represented by digits, sometimes with special characters and the space character.
digital color proof: An off-press color proof made from a color printer attached to a computer.
digital printing: A filmless and plateless printing process in which digital data for each page is transferred directly to a light-sensitive drum and then to paper for a final image.
direct-attached printer: A printer device, attached to an pSeries computer through the network or through a serial or parallel port.; In InfoPrint, a PSF physical printer that represents a direct-attached printer device. See also AIX-attached printer, TCP/IP-attached printer, and upload-TCP/IP-attached printer.
disable: In InfoPrint, an action used to stop the acceptance of jobs on destinations, queues, or servers, or to stop writing information to logs.
distributed print system: A computer system with the ability to interchange print data and controls among different computing environments with the intent of printing the data on a different system from the one where the print request was generated. For example, in host-to-LAN distributed printing, data that is located on the host is printed on printers attached to a local area network.
dithering: A technique of filling the gap between two pixels with another pixel having an average value of the two to minimize the difference or to add detail to smooth the result.
document: In InfoPrint, an object representing a grouping of data in a job. A job can contain one or more documents. The documents in a job can differ from each other in some ways. For example, they can contain different data and can have different document formats. A document in a job can contain printable data or a resource that is not printable by itself. See file-reference document, printable document, and resource document.
document element: A portion of a document at least a single page in size.
document format: In InfoPrint, a document format describes the type of the data and control characters in the document, such as line data or PostScript. The format of the data determines which printer devices are capable of printing the document and whether InfoPrint must transform the format.
document identifier: A string that identifies a document in a job. It consists of a job ID followed by a period (.) and a document sequence number. For example, 12.2. Document sequence numbers are integers starting at 1.
Document Printing Application (DPA): An ISO/IEC 10175 standard that addresses those aspects of document processing that enable users in a distributed open systems environment to send electronic documents to shared, possibly geographically-dispersed printers. InfoPrint supports the DPA standard.
document transfer method: In InfoPrint, the transfer method describes how documents are transferred to, or acquired by, servers. See pipe-pull and with-request.
document type: In InfoPrint, the document type describes the kind of data in the document. A printable document can only contain printable data. A resource document can only contain data such as fonts or form definitions that are not printable. A file reference document can only contain names of files entered on separate lines.
dot: The individual elements of a halftone.
dot gain: An increase in the size of a halftone dot during printing, caused by ink spreading. Generally, this value is known precisely, and the scanning and filming production process is calibrated to compensate for it. The Cromalin proofing system simulates this effect.
dots per inch (dpi): A measure of data density per unit distance. Typical values for desktop publishing range from 200 to 300 dpi.
DPA: Document Printing Application.
DPF: Distributed Print Facility.
dpi: Dots per inch.
drag and drop: In graphical user interfaces, a procedure by which you perform actions and tasks. Using the mouse, you drag (move) an action or object icon to a new position where you want the action or task to occur.
DSS: Destination support system.
dummy: A rough paste-up or hand-drawn representation of the anticipated finished product. A dummy is used for basic design and pagination.
duplex printing: Printing on both sides of the paper. Contrast with simplex printing (1).; Printing on both sides of the paper, placing output images on the media in a head-to-head format, so that the top of one image is at the same edge as the top of the next image. Contrast with tumble duplex printing; see also simplex printing (2).

E

early binding: In InfoPrint, assigning a job to an actual destination as soon as it is accepted. Early binding permits InfoPrint to estimate the time when the job will be completed. Contrast with late binding.
edition binding: A type of book binding in which printed sheets are folded into 16- or 32-page signatures. Four-page endleaves are pasted on the outside of the first and last signature. The signatures are then collated by machine and sewn together using special sewing machines. Contrast with perfect binding, spiral binding, and wire-o binding.
electronic document: A document stored in a computer instead of printed on paper.
electronic mail: Correspondence in the form of messages sent between workstations over a network. Synonymous with email.
electrophotographic: Pertaining to a type of printer technology that creates an image on paper by uniformly charging the photoconductor, creating an electrostatic image on the photoconductor, attracting negatively charged toner to the discharged areas of the photoconductor, and transferring and fusing the toner to paper.
em: In composition, a unit of measurement exactly as wide and as high as the point size of the font being set. The name is derived from the fact that the letter M in early typefaces was usually cast on a square body.
email: Electronic mail.
email destination: In InfoPrint, an actual destination representing an electronic mailing system.
email destination support system: In InfoPrint, the destination support system that supports email destinations.
embellishments: Variable data added to all copies of assembled pages to make the unit appear like a whole; for example, headers, footers, a table of contents, and chapter separations.
en: In composition, exactly one-half an em.
enable: In InfoPrint, the action that makes a destination, queue, or server able to accept jobs, or a log able to accept information.
end sheet: The sheet of paper, blank or otherwise, that can follow a job. See also auxiliary sheet.
Enhanced X-Windows: A tool designed to permit multiple application processes to operate in multiple windows displayed on a virtual terminal. See X-Windows.
environment variable: Any one of a number of variables that describe the way an operating system runs and the devices it recognizes.
error log: A data set or file in a product or system where error information is stored for later access.
estimate: The professional cost analysis made by a print shop in response to a customer's request for a price quotation on a print job.
event: In InfoPrint, an occurrence in the printing system during an operation; for example, the completion of a command.
event log: In InfoPrint, a collection of messages about events that have occurred.
event notification: The notification that is sent by InfoPrint for an event.

F

Federated Authentication: A technology that grants users secure access to InfoPrint Manager relying on external identity providers (IdPs). Instead of managing separate user credentials within the InfoPrint Manager system, federated authentication allows users to log in using their existing accounts from trusted third-party services.
FIFO (first-in-first-out): In InfoPrint, a queuing technique where the next job assigned to the first position in the queue is the job that has been in the queue for the longest time. InfoPrint processes jobs in the order in which they are received. Contrast with deadline, job-priority, longest-job-first, and shortest-job-first.
file-reference document: In InfoPrint, a file containing the names of other files, each entered on a separate line. Job submitters can specify this file for printing when they specify a document type of file-reference; InfoPrint prints each file listed in the reference document.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP): In TCP/IP, the application protocol that makes it possible to transfer data to and from host computers and to use foreign hosts indirectly.
finisher: A hardware device attached to a printer that performs such operations as folding or stapling the printed pages.
finishing: In a print shop, the final operations on a printed product, such as stapling, trimming, drilling, folding, embossing, varnishing, gluing, shrink wrapping, perforating, laminating, collating, and so on.
flag: A modifier of a command that specifies the action of the command. A dash usually precedes a flag. Synonymous with option. See also keyword.
FOCA: Font object content architecture.
folder: In the InfoPrint GUI, an object that represents a container for a collection of similar objects. For example, the Retained Jobs folder contains retained jobs.
font: A family of characters of a given size and style; for example, 9-point Helvetica.; One size and one typeface in a particular type family, including letters, numerals, punctuation marks, special characters, and ligatures.; A paired character set and code page that can be used together for printing a string of text characters. A double-byte font can consist of multiple pairs of character sets and code pages.
form definition: A resource object used by InfoPrint that defines the characteristics of the form or printed media, which include: overlays to be used, the paper source (for cut-sheet printers), duplex printing, text suppression, and the position of composed-text data on the form.
forward space: In InfoPrint, the action used to move ahead and skip the printing of a specified number of pages in a job.
FPO: Low-quality (sometimes photographic) images placed in a dummy to represent final images. Desktop publishing software produces images as display-screen resolution FPOs.
front panel: In the CDE, a workspace area containing controls that represent various tasks you can perform and workspace switches.
FST: Files and Sockets Transport is the local security implementation for InfoPrint Manager. It uses the local namespace for user credentials, and it is a lightweight security protocol.
FTP: File Transfer Protocol.

G

GCR: Gray component replacement.
GIF: Graphics Interchange Format.
global change: In the InfoPrint GUI, an action used to make changes to one or more attributes of several objects at once. You can also perform the same action on several objects of the same object class at the same time; for example, disabling two or more actual destinations at the same time.
global character: A character or set of characters used to specify an unknown number or set of characters in a search string. In InfoPrint, a global character is represented by an asterisk (*).
global ID: Global job identifier.
global job identifier: An unambiguous job identifier. In InfoPrint, it is represented as the name of the server managing the job followed by a colon (:) and a generated integer. This ID uniquely identifies the job in the InfoPrint server.
glyph: An image, usually of a character, in a font.
GOCA: Graphics object content architecture.
graphic character: A visual representation of a character, other than a control character, that is normally produced by writing, printing, or displaying.
Graphical User Interface (GUI): A type of user interface that takes advantage of a high-resolution monitor and includes a combination of graphics to implement an object-action paradigm, the use of pointing devices, menu bars, overlapping windows, and icons. Contrast with Command Line Interface.
Graphics Interchange Format (GIF): A compressed graphics format widely used on the Internet.
gray component replacement (GCR): Synonym for under color removal (UCR).
gray scale: A strip of standard gray tones, ranging from white to black, placed at the side of the original copy during photography to measure the tonal range and contrast obtained.
GUI: Graphical User Interface.
gutter: The blank area or inner margin from the printing area to the binding.

H

halftone: A printing method that simulates continuous-tone shading using dots of varying sizes laid out on a rectangular grid. Larger dots simulate darker tones and smaller dots simulate lighter tones. Typical grid spacings are 85 lines per inch (lpi) (newspaper), 133 lpi (low end), 150 lpi (midrange), and 175+ lpi (high quality).
help: In the InfoPrint GUI, an action used to display the online help for a specific template, object, action, button, control, or area in an application window.; The name of a button used to access the online help.
hold: An indication determined by the job-hold attribute that is used to keep a job in the queue and prevent InfoPrint from scheduling it.
hostname: The name given to an AIX system.
hot folder: A workstation directory where users copy jobs to submit them to print.
hypertext: A way of presenting information online with connections between one piece of information and another. These connections are called hypertext links. See also hypertext link.
hypertext link: A connection between one piece of information and another. Selecting a link displays the target piece of information.

I

icon: A graphic symbol displayed on a screen that a user can click to invoke a function or software application.
image: Toned and untoned pels arranged in a pattern.
image data: Rectangular arrays of raster information that define an image.
imagesetter: A high resolution (1270–3600+ dpi) printer that uses an Argon (green) laser to write to film using digital input. Imagesetting is the step before Cromalin proofing and platemaking.
imposition: The process of arranging pages on a press sheet to ensure the correct order during final cutting, folding, and binding. Electronic imposition builds press sheets automatically during the RIP and outputs film formatted for immediate use in platemaking.
InfoPrint: A solution of software and hardware products that can supplement or replace the offset presses and copiers in print shops with high-quality, non-impact, black and white or process color printers. InfoPrint takes documents from creation to the published, kitted, and shipped product.; In InfoPrint software publications, InfoPrint Manager for AIX or any of its components.
InfoPrint Manager for AIX: The software component of InfoPrint. InfoPrint Manager for AIX handles the scheduling, archiving, retrieving, and assembly of a print job and its related resource files. It also tracks the finishing and packaging of the printed product.
InfoPrint Manager for AIX is based on Palladium technology developed at MIT/Project Athena. It conforms to the ISO DPA and POSIX standards.
InfoPrint Network: The local area network running TCP/IP protocol that InfoPrint uses to communicate among servers, clients, and output devices.
InfoPrint Select: The component of InfoPrint Manager for AIX that lets you submit jobs from a Windows workstation.
InfoPrint Submit Express: The component of InfoPrint Manager that lets you submit jobs with a job ticket from a Windows or Macintosh workstation.
InfoPrint 20: A black and white, large-format, cut-sheet, workgroup laser printer with optional duplexing and 600-dpi resolution.
InfoPrint 60: A duplex, black and white, cut-sheet printer with 600-dpi resolution.
InfoPrint 62: A non-impact, continuous-forms printer that runs at a maximum of 62 impressions-per-minute (depending on forms size), and is factory set to run at either 240 or 300 dpi on a maximum paper size of 370.8 mm (14.6 in.).
InfoPrint 4000: A duplex, black and white, continuous-forms printer with 600-dpi resolution.
initial value document: Synonym for default document.
initial value job: Synonym for default job.
initial value object: Synonym for default object.
initially settable attribute: An attribute whose value can be established when an object is created but cannot be subsequently set or modified. See also resettable attribute; contrast with non-settable attribute.
input focus: The area of a window where user interaction is possible from either the keyboard or the mouse.
input tray: For a printer device, the container that holds the medium upon which the printer prints its output.
Intelligent Printer Data Stream (IPDS): An all-points-addressable data stream that enables users to position text, images, and graphics at any defined point on a printed page.; Information that the host sends to IPDS printers. This information generally contains basic formatting, error recovery, and character data and enables the printers to make decisions.; An architected host-to-printer data stream that contains both data (text, image, graphics, and bar codes) and controls defining how the data is to be presented. IPDS provides a device-independent interface for controlling and managing all-points-addressable (APA) printers.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO): An organization of national standards bodies from various countries established to promote development standards to facilitate international exchange of goods and services, and develop cooperation in intellectual, scientific, technological, and economic activity.
Internet: A wide area network connecting thousands of disparate networks in industry, education, government, and research. The Internet network uses TCP/IP as the protocol for sending information.
Internet Protocol: The set of rules that determines how to route data from its source to its destination in an internet environment.
intervening jobs: In InfoPrint, the number of jobs in a queue that are scheduled to print before the job in question.
IOCA: Image object content architecture.
IP address: The IPv4 or IPv6 address.
IPDS: Intelligent Printer Data Stream.
ISO: International Organization for Standardization.

J

job: In InfoPrint, an object that represents a request to print or send one or more documents together in a single session. A job includes the data to be printed or sent and resources such as fonts, images, and overlays. Depending on how it was submitted, it can also include a job ticket. Synonymous with job bundle and print job.
job bundle: Synonym for job.
job data: The page descriptions, merge data, and embellishments that compose a document in a job, either directly or by reference.
job ID: A local or a global identifier that identifies a job to a job submitter, administrator, operator, or InfoPrint. See local job identifier, global job identifier.
job-priority: In InfoPrint, a queuing technique where the next job assigned to the first position in the queue is the one with the highest priority. Contrast with deadline, FIFO (first-in-first-out), longest-job-first, and shortest-job-first.
job submitter: In InfoPrint, the person who submits jobs for printing. Often, this person is an application programmer who maintains applications that generate data to be printed.
job ticket: The customer's hardcopy or electronic instructions listing all the variables describing a print job, either directly or by reference. The print shop can add specifications to the job ticket and can print the job ticket.
Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG): A compressed graphics format widely used on the Internet.
JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group.

K

kerning: In typesetting, adjusting the relative spacing of two characters to improve their appearance and readability. Kerning pairs are specific sets of characters with built-in relative spacing. Some typefaces have as many as 100 kerning pairs.
keyword: A name or symbol that identifies a parameter.; Part of a command operand that consists of a specific character string, such as DSNAME=.
kitting: In a print shop, packaging the completed published work with attendant binders, tabs, diskettes, and other equipment or information, before shipping the finished product.

L

LAN: Local Area Network.
laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation): In InfoPrint printers, a device that emits a beam of coherent light that forms the image on the photoconductor that is subsequently transferred to the paper.
late binding: In InfoPrint, waiting to assign a job to an actual destination until it is about to be processed. Late binding permits InfoPrint to route a job to the first suitable actual destination that becomes available. Contrast with early binding.
LDAP: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol is the network security implementation for InfoPrint Manager. It uses an LDAP or Active Directory server for user credentials, and it offers a unified security implementation in a customer environment.
LED: Light-emitting diode.
light-emitting diode (LED): The imaging device element for electrophotographic print units.
lines per inch (lpi): A measure of the density of the grid used to space halftone dots. Typical grid spacings are 85 lpi (newspaper), 133 lpi (low end), 150 lpi (midrange), and 175+ lpi (high quality).
Linux: Linux is an open-source operating system modeled on UNIX. There are multiple distributions available, InfoPrint Manager is only supported on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES).
Local Area Network (LAN): A computer network at one location that consisting of devices connected to one another and communicating. This network can also be connected to a larger network.
local ID: Local job identifier.
local job identifier: In InfoPrint, a job identifier automatically generated by the server, identifying the job to the person who submitted it. InfoPrint maps a local job ID to a global job ID.
locale: The human language and character set of information presented to a user.; In InfoPrint, the language InfoPrint uses when sending notification and error messages or displaying the InfoPrintgraphical user interfaces.
log: A collection of messages or message segments added to a file for accounting or data collection purposes.; To record messages in a file.
logical destination: In InfoPrint, an object to which users submit their jobs. The logical destination routes jobs to one or more actual destinations representing output devices such as printers, or electronic mail systems. See also logical printer; contrast with actual destination.
logical printer: In InfoPrint, a type of logical destination. The logical printer routes jobs to one or more physical printers representing printing devices.
logical unit (LU): A type of network accessible unit that enables end users to gain access to network resources and communicate with each other.
logical unit (LU) 6.2: A type of logical unit that supports general communication between programs in a distributed processing environment. LU 6.2 is characterized by (a) a peer relationship between session partners, (b) efficient utilization of a session for multiple transactions, (c) comprehensive end-to-end error processing, and (d) a generic application program interface (API) consisting of structured verbs that are mapped into a product implementation.
longest-job-first: In InfoPrint, a queuing technique where the next job assigned to the first position in the queue is the longest job in the queue. Contrast with deadline, FIFO (first-in-first-out), job-priority, and shortest-job-first.
lpi: Lines per inch.
LU: Logical unit.

M

magnetic ink character recognition (MICR): Identification of characters printed with ink that contains particles of magnetic material.
mainframe processor: A functional unit that interprets and executes instructions in a large computer to which other computers are connected so that they can share the facilities the mainframe provides.
makeready: All the setup work involved in preparing a press for a print run.
manage: In the InfoPrint GUI, the action used to put an object into a mode where its icon reflects changes of status.
mechanical: A camera-ready layout. The mechanical can consist of multiple sheets or overlays for each spot or process color used. Final images, if not stripped in later, should be at final size, cropped and screened to the correct line frequency.
medium: In InfoPrint, an object representing the physical material upon which a job is printed.
merge data: Data that is unique to each copy of a document and that customizes the document; for example, serial numbers or mailing information. Merge data is typically a small percentage of the total data in the document.
message catalog: A file of all the possible messages than can display during the processing of an application.
MICR: Magnetic ink character recognition.
Mixed Object Document Content Architecture (MO:DCA): An architected, device-independent data stream for interchanging documents.
MO:DCA-P: Mixed Object Document Content Architecture Presentation.
modify: In InfoPrint, an action used to modify the values of attributes in the object attributes notebook.
moire: Undesirable interference patterns caused by two overprinting halftone screens with incorrect halftone dot angles.
monospaced: In typesetting, pertaining to a typeface in which all the characters have equal widths. Monospaced typefaces are useful for tabulating figures.
Multiple Virtual Storage (MVS): An operating system developed by IBM. The design of MVS incorporates an addressing architecture that provides a unique address space to each job in the system.
MVS: Multiple Virtual Storage.

N

N_UP: Pertaining to the number of forms placed together in a layout. Typical layouts are 2_UP, 4_UP, 8_UP, 16_UP, and so on. N_UP printing is done to use the maximum area of the print sheet.
namespace: A global name repository available to all utilities and API procedures. The namespace contains mappings of object names to other related objects. For example, the namespace provides the mapping of a logical destination to the server in which it is located.
Network File System (NFS): A protocol developed by Sun Microsystems that uses Internet Protocol to allow a set of cooperating computers to access each other's file systems as if they were local.
newline options: The different ways in which the printer determines how lines are delimited in a document data stream.
NFS: Network File System.
non-process-runout (NPRO): A printer function that moves the last printed sheet to the stacker of the printer device.
non-settable attribute: An attribute that is neither initially settable nor resettable. The values for these attributes are controlled by InfoPrint. Contrast with initially settable attribute and resettable attribute.
notification: The act of reporting the occurrence of events.; In InfoPrint, notification of events appears as messages in event logs or messages sent to administrators, operators, and job submitters. In the InfoPrint GUI, notification of events also appears as changes to the appearance of icons.
notification-profile: In InfoPrint, an attribute associated with an object that contains information designating the people to whom InfoPrint sends notification about events for that object, which event information it sends, and how it sends the information.
NPRO: Non-process-runout.

O

object

A collection of attributes that represent a physical or logical entity in the print system. For example, a specific printer device is represented by an actual destination (physical printer) object. An object is identified by its object name. Objects are grouped into classes. See also object class.

object class

A group of objects that share a common definition and therefore share common properties, operations, and behavior as defined by their attributes. For example, all InfoPrint queue objects are in the same object class and each queue has the same set of queue attributes. However, the values for those attributes can differ for each queue in the queue object class.

Object Identifier (OID)

In architecture, a notation that assigns a globally unambiguous identifier to an object or a document component. The notation is defined in international standard ISO.IEC 8824(E).

object name

The alphanumeric term that identifies an object.

object state

The state of an object indicates its availability and readiness for performing its functions. An object can be in one of a number of states such as ready, busy, or unknown.

OCR

Optical character recognition.

octet

A byte that consists of eight binary digits (bits).

offset stacking

In certain printer devices, a function that allows the printer to offset the printed output pages for easy separation of the jobs.

OID

Object Identifier.

open destinations window

In the InfoPrint GUI, the action used to open a new application window displaying the logical and actual destinations associated with a queue.

Open Prepress Interface (OPI)

An industry standard for replacing low-resolution images in review documents with high-resolution images needed for high-quality final output.

Open Software Foundation (OSF)

A nonprofit research and development organization created by a consortium of companies that work together to develop software in the open systems market.

OpenType font (OTF)

An extension of the TrueType font format that adds:

Support for PostScript outlines
Better support for international character sets
Broader support for advanced typographic control

open window

In the InfoPrint GUI, the action used to open a new application window representing one or more objects displayed in the currently open application window.

operation

An action performed on one or more data items.

operator

In InfoPrint, the person responsible for printer devices. Also, this person performs a subset of tasks for InfoPrint queues and actual destinations and performs some job-related tasks.

OPI

Open Prepress Interface.

optical character recognition (OCR)

Conversion of scanned text to editable ASCII characters.

option

A modifier of a command that specifies the action of the command. A dash usually precedes an option. Synonymous with flag. See also keyword.

orphan logical destination

In the InfoPrint GUI, an object that represents a logical destination that is not associated with an existing queue.

orphan logical printer

In the InfoPrint GUI, an object that represents a logical printer that is not associated with an existing queue.

OSF

Open Software Foundation.

overlay

A collection of constant data, such as lines, shading, text, boxes, or logos, that is electronically composed in the host processor and stored in a library, and that can be merged with variable data during printing.

OTF

OpenType font.

P

PAC: Privilege Attribute Certificate.
page definition: A resource that contains the formatting controls for line data.; In InfoPrint, a resource that defines the rules of transforming line data into composed pages and text controls.
page segment: A resource that contains composed text and images, which are prepared before formatting and included during printing.
Palladium: A distributed print system developed at MIT/Project Athena with participation from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), International Business Machines (IBM), and Hewlett-Packard (HP). It is a reference implementation for the OSI Document Printing Architecture (DPA) standard, ISO/IEC 10175.
pane: In the Work Area of the InfoPrint Manager Administration GUI, an area containing a group of objects of a specific type, such as an actual destinations pane.
parent/child relationship: In InfoPrint, servers, queues, and destinations are related to one another in a parent/child relationship. For example, a server is the parent of all the queues that reside in that server, and these queues are its children.
pass through: In InfoPrint, referring to options submitted with a job that are used by the device driver, but not InfoPrint. InfoPrint does not process or validate this information; it passes it along to the device driver. See printer driver.
path: The route used to locate files; the storage location of a file. A fully qualified path lists the drive identifier (if any), directory name, subdirectory name (if any), and file name with the associated extension.
pause: In InfoPrint, the action used to temporarily halt the printing or transmission of jobs on actual destinations or the distribution of jobs from servers or queues.
pdcreate: In InfoPrint, the command used to create a new object and set its attributes to specified values.
PDF: Portable Document Format.; Printer description file.
pdmsg: In InfoPrint, a utility used to display information about a message.
pdpr: In InfoPrint, the command used to create and submit a job, consisting of one or more documents, to a server for printing or transmission.
perfect binding: A type of book binding in which the pages are held together with flexible adhesive. Contrast with edition binding, spiral binding, and wire-o binding.
permissions: In AIX, codes that determine who can access a file and what operations they can perform on the file.
physical printer: In InfoPrint, a type of actual destination that represents a printer device. See also printer device.
piobe: The standard printer input/output backend program used by AIX for printing. See also ainbe.
pipe-pull: In InfoPrint, a document transfer method where InfoPrint saves the documents in a file and transfers the address of the file to the server. InfoPrint transfers the file to the server upon the request from the server. This is an efficient transfer method for large jobs and is the default transfer method at job submission. Contrast with with-request.
plex: A document or actual destination attribute used to define the placement of output images on the page. See the plex values simplex and tumble.
Portable Document Format (PDF): An Adobe PostScript data format that can be viewed or printed.
Portable Operating System Interface for Computer Environments (POSIX): An Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard for computer operating systems.
POSIX: Portable Operating System Interface for Computer Environments.
PostScript: Adobe's page description language. PostScript has become a standard for graphic design and layout software. PostScript files can contain both vector and raster data. Fonts are described using PostScript coding. Many desktop publishing systems produce PostScript data as their output data stream.
PostScript printer description (PPD): A file that contains options for printing PostScript data on various printer devices.
PPD: PostScript printer description.
Prefix lengths: Identify a range of IPv6 addresses that are on the same network.
preflight: To assess all resources for a job before the actual print run.
prepress: Work done in the print shop before printing a job, such as preparing data and art, page imposition, color retouching, electronic editing, and page layout.
print database: The set of files on disk that provide a permanent repository for the attributes of all print objects, such as logical destinations, queues, and actual destinations.
print job: Synonym for job.
Print Quality Enhancement (PQE): A printer facility that provides edge smoothing along diagonal lines, fine fidelity protection, and independent boldness control.
Print Services Facility (PSF): Any of several programs, including PSF for AIX, PSF/MVS, PSF/VM, and PSF/VSE, that produce printer commands from the data sent to them.
print system: A group of one or more print servers and one or more printing devices, which might or might not be located in the same geographical area. The components of a print system are assumed to be interconnected in some manner, providing at least one network interface to print clients, and acting synergistically to supply the defined document print service. (D)
printable document: In InfoPrint, an object that represents text or data to be printed by a job. Contrast with resource document.
printer description file (PDF): A file that contains options for printing PostScript data on a specific printer device.
printer device: The physical output device that performs the printing function. See also physical printer.
printer driver: A file that describes the physical characteristics of a printer or other peripheral device. This file is used to convert graphics and text into device-specific data at the time of printing or plotting. Synonymous with device driver.
priority: In InfoPrint, a number assigned to a job that determines its precedence in being printed. Jobs with higher priority numbers are handled before jobs with lower priority numbers.
process color: Color made up of CMYK links simulating a specified color. This is the traditional method of reproducing continuous tone color images (color separations). Because of the nature of color inks, certain inks do not reproduce well.
processor: In a computer, a functional unit that interprets and executes instructions. A processor consists of at least an instruction control unit and an arithmetic and logic unit. (T)
promote: In InfoPrint, the action used to move a job to the beginning of the queue so that it will print on the next available printer that can handle that job.
protocol: A set of semantic and syntactic rules that determines the behavior of functional units in achieving communication.
pSeries: A family of workstations and servers based on IBM's POWER architecture. They are primarily designed for running multi-user numerical computing applications that use the AIX operating system.
PSF: Print Services Facility.
PSF destination support system: In InfoPrint, the destination support system that communicates with PSF for AIX to print jobs.
PSF physical printer: In InfoPrint, the object representing a printer device that uses the PSF destination support system.

Q

QuarkXpress: A desktop publishing system produced by Quark, Incorporated.
queue: In InfoPrint, an object that manages a collection of jobs that are waiting to print. A queue receives jobs from one or more logical destinations and sends jobs to one or more actual destinations.; A line or list formed by items waiting for processing.

R

raster: A pattern of dots defined at varying data depths. Black and white images are one-bit (on/off); grayscale images are 8-bit (256 levels); RGB images are 24-bit; CMYK images are 32-bit.
raster image processor (RIP): A processor in which a PostScript data stream is converted into dot patterns that are transferred to the final print medium. InfoPrint uses an Adobe RIP to convert PostScript to IPDS for such printers as the InfoPrint 4000 and InfoPrint 60.
rc.pd: In InfoPrint, a utility used to start the InfoPrint servers listed in the /etc/pd.servers file.
read-only: In InfoPrint, describes an attribute value that cannot be set by the user but can change based on other activity.
ready: A state in which an object is ready and able to perform tasks.; An available resource, such as a value of the media-ready attribute. Contrast with supported.
red, green, blue (RGB): The colors of CRT display phosphors. RGB images are for screen display only. They must be converted to CMYK images before printing.
registration: The accuracy of printing on paper relative to the edges of the paper.; The accuracy of printing a single color (cyan, magenta, or yellow) relative to black.; The accuracy of printing on one side of a page relative to printing on the reverse side of the page.
reprographics: The process of copying or duplicating documents or information.
requested: In InfoPrint, pertaining to the specific values of attributes requested by a job when it is submitted. The requested attribute values of a job are validated against supported attribute values for an actual destination to determine if the printer can handle that job. Contrast with supported.
resettable attribute: An attribute whose value can be set or modified after an object has been created, assuming the object is in an appropriate state to be modified. See also initially settable attribute; contrast with non-settable attribute.
resource: In AFP, a file containing a collection of printing instructions used when printing a job. Resources include fonts, overlays, form definitions, page definitions, and page segments.
resource context: In InfoPrint, an object that contains directory path information that helps the print system locate resources needed for printing a job. The resources include fonts, overlays, form definitions, page definitions, and page segments.
resource document: In InfoPrint, an object that represents a resource, such as graphics or fonts, used by a job to print a printable document. Contrast with printable document.
resubmit: In InfoPrint, an action used to reroute pending or retained jobs to a different logical destination than the one through which the job was originally submitted.
resume: In InfoPrint, the action used to resume the printing of paused jobs or resume the distribution of jobs from paused servers or queues.
retained job: In InfoPrint, an object that represents a job that is being stored in the print system for a specified amount of time, normally after the completion of printing the job. A retained job does not reside in a queue.
retention: The process of storing data after completion of a process for a certain length of time.
retrieval: The process of bringing digital archived data out of storage and into online memory for reuse. See also archiving.
RGB: Red, green, blue.
RIP: Raster image processor.; To convert data to dot patterns using a raster image processor.
root user: In the AIX environment, the system user with the most authority who can log in and execute restricted commands, shut down the system, and edit or delete protected files. Synonymous with superuser.
RPC: Remote Procedure Call.
RPM: Red Hat Package Management is the baseline package format of the Linux Standard Base distribution.

S

scanner: A device that converts hardcopy source data into digital format (halftone dots) to avoid retyping the data.
scheduler: In InfoPrint, the scheduling method that the queue uses when assigning a job to an actual destination.
separator sheet: The sheet of paper, blank or otherwise, that separates documents in a job. See also auxiliary sheet.
server: In InfoPrint, the object that accepts configuration, management, and printing requests, performs the requested operations, and sends responses back as a result of the operation.
settable attribute: See initially settable attribute, resettable attribute.
severity: An indication of how serious an error condition is.
shell: In the AIX operating system, a command interpreter that acts as an interface between the user and the operating system. In InfoPrint documentation, all shell examples use the Korn shell.
shift-out, shift-in code: Control characters used to indicate the beginning and end of a string of double-byte, ideographic characters.
shortest-job-first: In InfoPrint, a queuing technique where the next job assigned to the first position in the queue is the shortest job in the queue. Contrast with deadline, FIFO (first-in-first-out), job-priority, and longest-job-first.
shut down: In InfoPrint, the action used to halt all server or actual destination processes without deleting the server or actual destination.
signature: A group of pages that are printed, folded, cut, and bound together. Manual placement of pages in the signature is determined using a folding dummy.
simplex: In InfoPrint, the value of the document or actual destination plex attribute indicating that output images are placed on the media in a head-to-head format, so that the top of one image is at the same edge as the top of the next image. Depending on the value of the document or actual destination sides attribute, the document can be printed on one or both sides of the paper. Contrast with tumble; see also simplex printing and duplex printing.
simplex printing: Printing on only one side of the paper. Contrast with duplex printing (1).; Printing on one or both sides of the paper, placing output images on the media in a head-to-head format, so that the top of one image is at the same edge as the top of the next image. Contrast with tumble duplex printing; see also duplex printing (2).
SMIT: System Management Interface Tool.
SNA: Systems Network Architecture.
spiral binding: A type of book binding in which wire or plastic coils are threaded through a series of holes or slots in the binding edge. Contrast with edition binding, perfect binding, and wire-o binding.
spot color: Individual colored inks formulated to exactly match a specified color. Spot color is used when CMYK process color cannot produce a reasonable facsimile of the color or when vivid color is needed. Spot color is also used when fluorescent or metallic colors are needed.
spread: In color printing, an area whose dimensions have been enlarged to eliminate white space between it and another color. Contrast with choke.
start sheet: The sheet of paper, blank or otherwise, that can precede a job. See also auxiliary sheet.
state: Synonym for object state.
stripping: The process of mechanically assembling film into plate layouts. Page imposition takes place during stripping.
subnet mask: Identify a range of IPv4 addresses that are on the same network.
subnetwork: Any group of nodes that have a set of common characteristics, such as the same network ID.; In the AIX operating system, one of a group of multiple logical divisions of another network, such as can be created by TCP/IP.
subtractive color system: A system that reproduces an image by mixing (adding) appropriate quantities of cyan, magenta, and yellow paints on white paper. These paints reflect certain colors and absorb—or subtract—others. Contrast with additive color system.
superuser: Synonym for root user.
supported: In InfoPrint, pertaining to the specific job attribute values that the actual destination can accept during job validation. InfoPrint validates the requested attribute values of the job against the supported attribute values of the actual destination to determine whether the actual destination can handle that job. Contrast with requested.
synchronous: Occurring with a regular or predictable time relationship to a specified action. Contrast with asynchronous.
system administrator: Synonym for administrator.
System Management Interface Tool (SMIT): In the AIX operating system, an interface tool for installation, maintenance, configuration, and diagnostic tasks. SMIT lets you perform tasks without entering any commands.
Systems Network Architecture (SNA): The description of IBM's logical structure, formats, protocols, and operational sequences for sending units through, and controlling the configuration and operation of, networks.

T

table reference character (TRC): An optional control character in a print data set. The TRC identifies the font used to print the record and can be used to select a font during printing.
Tagged Image File Format (TIFF): A digital format for storing scanned images. TIFF files are also referred to as raster format files (as opposed to vector format files). When used in desktop publishing, TIFF files produce only a low-resolution FPO image; the high-resolution data remains on the hard disk.
task help: A type of online help that provides a list of tasks that can be completed with a selected object. When you select a task, the help provides step-by-step information about how to complete the task.
TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
TCP/IP-attached printer: A printer device attached to an pSeries computer through telecommunication lines using the TCP/IP protocol.; In InfoPrint, a PSF physical printer that represents a TCP/IP-attached printer device. See also AIX-attached printer, direct-attached printer, and upload-TCP/IP-attached printer.
template: In the InfoPrint Manager Administration GUI, an object that represents a set of default attribute values that has been defined for creating a particular type of object, such as an actual destination.
ticket: See job ticket.
TIFF: Tagged Image File Format.
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP): A set of communication rules used in the Internet and in any network that follows the U.S. Department of Defense standards for inter-network protocol. TCP provides a reliable host-to-host protocol between hosts in packet-switched communications networks and in interconnected systems of such networks. It assumes that the Internet Protocol (IP) is the underlying protocol. See also Internet Protocol.
trapping: In desktop publishing, the amount of overlap in overprinting colors. Trapping prevents white paper showing through gaps caused by normal errors in registration. On sheet-fed presses, trapping is usually 0.25 point. See also choke and spread.
TRC: Table Reference Character.
TrueType font (TTF): A font format based on scalable outline technology with flexible hinting. Glyph shapes are based on quadratic curves. The font is described with a set of tables contained in a TrueType Font File.
TTF: TrueType font.
tumble: In InfoPrint, the value of the document or actual destination plex attribute indicating that output images are placed on the media in a head-to-toe format, so that the top of one image is at the same edge as the bottom of the next image. The document must be printed on both sides of the paper. Contrast with simplex.
tumble duplex printing: Printing on both sides of the paper, placing output images on the media in a head-to-toe format, so that the top of one image is at the same edge as the bottom of the next image. Contrast with simplex printing (2), duplex printing (2).

U

UCR: Under color removal.
under color removal (UCR): Conversion of neutral color areas to black ink that reduces use of CMY inks, improves trapping, and reduces setup time. Generally, UCR is performed during image scanning, but some RIPs perform it during processing. Synonymous with gray component replacement (GCR).
unmanage: In the InfoPrint Manager Administration GUI, the action used to put an object into a mode where its icon does not reflect the changes of status for the object.
upload printer: See upload-TCP/IP-attached printer.
upload-TCP/IP-attached printer: In InfoPrint, a PSF physical printer that represents a printer device attached through an MVS system and managed by PSF/MVS. InfoPrint communicates with the MVS system through the TCP/IP network. See also AIX-attached printer, direct-attached printer, and TCP/IP-attached printer.

V

validate: In InfoPrint, to compare the attribute values requested by a job with the supported attribute values of the actual destinations in the system and to determine whether there is an actual destination capable of printing or sending the job.
value: A specific characteristic of an attribute.
variable: A name used to represent a data item whose value can change while the program is running.
variable data: Data that can be changed between copies of a document. For example, a form letter (constant data) can be merged with variable data, such as a customer's name and address to produce personalized documents.
varnish: A protective layer applied to a finished sheet, usually for photos, but sometimes used as a design element because of its reflective qualities. Varnishes can be tinted.
vector: An absolute coordinate point and line in space. PostScript files can contain vector artwork. Vector files are converted to rasters during the RIP process.
velox: A black and white photographic print made from a halftone negative, to be used as a proof copy.
vignette: An image with soft, fade-away edges.
Virtual Machine (VM): An IBM licensed product that manages the resources of a single computer so that multiple computing systems appear to exist.; A virtual data processing system that appears to be at the exclusive disposal of a particular user, but whose functions are accomplished by sharing the resources of a real data processing system. (T)
Virtual Storage Extended (VSE): An IBM licensed program whose full name is the Virtual Storage Extended/Advanced Function. It is a software operating system controlling the execution of programs.
Visual Systems Management (VSM): In AIX, a type of graphical user interface that allows system management through the direct manipulation of objects.
VM: Virtual Machine.
VSE: Virtual Storage Extended.
VSM: Visual Systems Management.

W

web: A roll of paper used in web or rotary printing.
well: In the InfoPrint Manager Administration GUI, an area in a pane that contains a group of objects related to the objects in the pane; for example, a queues well in a servers pane.
what you see is what you get (WYSIWYG): Refers to the fact that the composite image displayed on the screen at a computer workstation has the appearance of the final printed image.
window: A rectangular area of the screen that you can move about, place on top of, or pull under other windows, or reduce to an icon.
wire-o binding: A continuous double series of wire loops run through punched slots along the binding side of a booklet. Contrast with edition binding, perfect binding, and spiral binding.
with-request: In InfoPrint, a document transfer method where the client transfers the documents directly to the server. Contrast with pipe-pull.
workstation: A terminal or microcomputer, usually one that is connected to a mainframe or to a network, at which a user can use applications.
write access: A level of authorization that grants the ability to modify data.
WYSIWYG: What you see is what you get.

X

X-Windows: A network-transparent windowing system developed by MIT. It is the basis for Enhanced X-Windows, which runs on the AIX Operating System.
xerography: A dry printing process using corona-charged photoconductive surfaces to hold latent images that are developed with a dry toner and then transferred to paper and fused with heat.
Xstation: A terminal that is connected through a network to an pSeries computer, from which a user can perform command-line functions and run X-Windows based applications.

RICOH InfoPrint Manager™ for AIX

Special Characters

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